A Study on the Concept of Green Building Analysis of Its Practice in International and Domestic Levels free essay sample

Chapter by chapter guide 1. Introduction9 2. Purpose9 3. Methodology9 4. What is Green Building? 10 5. Targets of Green Building11 6. Why Build Green? 11 7. How do structures influence environmental change? 12 8. Advantages of Green Building12 9. Components of Green Buildings13 9. 1. Siting and structure plan efficiency13 9. 2. Vitality efficiency14 9. 3. Water efficiency14 9. 4. Materials efficiency14 9. 5. Indoor natural quality enhancement15 9. 6. Activities and upkeep optimization15 9. 7. Squander Toxic Reduction15 9. 8. Inhabitant Health and Safety16 10. What building types can be green? 16 11. Pundits of Green Building, Cost16 12. Green Home17 2. 1. Warming and Cooling18 12. 2. Lighting22 12. 3. Protection, Air Sealing, and Weatherization23 12. 4. Windows, Skylights, and Exterior Doors23 12. 5. Heated Water Systems24 12. 6. Inside Walls and Ceilings25 12. 7. Air Cleaning25 12. 8. Outside Finishes25 12. 9. Green Power for the Home25 13. Different Practices identified with Green Home27 14. Green Building, practice at International Level28 14. 1. Non-synergic Practice28 14. 2. Synergic Practice, World Green Building Councils30 14. 2. 1. Vision30 14. 2. 2. Mission30 14. 2. 3. Goal31 14. 2. 4. The challenge32 14. 2. 5. Theâ solution32 14. 2. 6. GBC Membership, How to turn into a part? 33 14. . 7. Participation Types33 14. 2. 8. Present Members of GBC33 14. 2. 9. Green Building Rating Systems35 14. 3. US Green Building Council36 14. 3. 1. About USGBC36 14. 3. 2. USGBCs Mission36 14. 3. 3. USGBCs Vision36 14. 3. 4. USGBCs Headquarters36 14. 3. 5. USGBC Programs37 14. 3. 6. Guaranteed Buildings of US GBC (subtleties at appendix)38 14. 4. Indian Green Building Council39 14. 4. 1. About IGBC39 14. 4. 2. Rating Systems of IGBC39 14. 4. 3. Enrollment in IGBC41 14. 4. 4. IGBC Programs41 14. 4. 5. Affirmed structures of IGBC42 15. Green Building, practice in Bangladesh43 15. 1. Case 01: Solar Panel at PM Office, March’1043 5. 2. Case 02: Solar Panel at Bangladesh Bank HO, March’1043 15. 3. Case 03: Green Building arrangement in the new office of Viyellatex , Feb’1043 15. 4. Green Home, practice in Bangladesh46 15. 5. Recommendations46 16. Conclusion47 17. Bibliography48 Appendix An, UGBC Project Profile (2 activities) Appendix B, Presentation Slides Executive Summary Green Building is the act of making structures and utilizing forms that are naturally dependable and asset effective all through a structures life-cycle from siting to plan, development, activity, support, redesign and deconstruction. It is otherwise called green development or feasible structure or superior structure. Destinations of Green Building are: †¢Efficiently utilizing vitality, water, and different assets †¢Protecting tenant wellbeing and improving worker efficiency †¢Reducing waste, contamination and natural debasement It has a few advantages like: †¢Environmental benefits †¢Economic benefits †¢Social benefits Green Building likewise contributes in hindering the pace of worldwide environmental change by lessening the vitality use and ozone harming substance discharges created by structures. Green Home, the model of Green Building idea, centers around the destinations of Green Building at small scale level. This covers the accompanying parts of a home: †¢Heating and Cooling †¢Lighting †¢Insulation, Air Sealing, and Weatherization and so on. The idea of Green Building is being rehearsed worldwide through two unique methodologies: Non-Synergic (like ISO 21931) and Synergic (Green Building Councils). The World Green Building Council (WGBC) is advancing the idea by opening parts in a few nations of the world in a synergic way. In Bangladesh, Green Building isn't being polished in either non-synergic or synergic way. Alongside the long use instance of some Green Home practices, as of late in 2010, three separated cases of ‘partial practice of Green Building’ have been seen in Bangladesh. To accomplish advantages of Green Building in Bangladesh, we have suggested: Local Perspectives †¢Promotion of Green Building ideas by government †¢Opening of the ‘Bangladesh Chapter of World Green Building Council (wgbc)’ †¢Educating and making administration experts through particular seminars on applicable designing and natural sciences International Perspectives Exporting administrations of Green Building experts We have likewise prescribed for the accompanying to manufacture a Greener Globe: †¢ Green Practices at small scale level, Green Home is the starter. †¢ Chapters of WGBC should be opened and polished in all nations to guarantee cooperative energy in exercises and sharing ability and innovations from a similar ground. †¢ Bringing cooperative energ y in the non-synergic activities of Green Building idea with the goal that extreme goal of having a greener globe stays same. An investigation on the idea of Green Building examination of its training in worldwide and household levels . Presentation In the here and now of ‘critical natural and atmosphere issues’ and developing danger of ‘shortening stockpiling of fuel and vitality resources’, the occupants of the globe will undoubtedly think intensely on the supportability of the earth and guaranteeing decent conditions for the following ages. The opportunity has arrived to rehearse the idea of Green Building as one of the proportions of securing nature which advances building framework in a manner that is naturally mindful and effective in vitality use. In this research paper in the wake of experiencing point of interest investigation of this idea we have broke down its practices over the globe. With a unique spotlight on the act of this idea in Bangladesh setting, we have suggested on how the equivalent can be made progressively compelling from both Bangladesh and worldwide points of view. 2. Reason Purpose of this research project is to contemplate the idea of ‘Green Building’ and break down its training in global and household levels. 3. Philosophy Date Source: Data has been gathered from important web assets which are sorted as optional wellspring of data. Inspecting Plan: Study didn’t require leading through any factual examining plan. Restriction of the Study: Reliability just on the optional wellspring of data. Report Preview: The idea of Green Building has been learned at the initial segment of the report. In the subsequent part, we have dissected the act of it universally, at various nations of the world and at the last part we have broke down the equivalent for Bangladesh. Study was not required to lead through any factual inspecting plan. Part-I Green Building, the idea and different subtleties 4. What is Green Building? Green Building, otherwise called green development or supportable structure or elite structure, is the act of making structures and utilizing forms that are ecologically capable and asset effective all through a structures life-cycle: from siting to plan, development, activity, upkeep, redesign, and deconstruction. This training grows and supplements the traditional structure configuration worries of economy, utility, strength, and solace. A comparable idea is common structure, which is for the most part for a littler scope and will in general spotlight on the utilization of normal materials that are accessible locally. pic] [pic] 5. Targets of Green Building Although new advancements are continually being created to supplement flow rehearses in making greener structures, the basic goal is that green structures are intended to decrease the general effect of the constructed condition on human wellbeing and the indigenous habitat by: †¢ Efficiently utilizing vitality, water, and d ifferent assets †¢ Protecting tenant wellbeing and improving worker profitability †¢ Reducing waste, contamination and natural debasement at the end of the day, through Green Buildings following effects are taken consideration: Aspects of Built |Consumption |Environmental Effects |Ultimate Effects | |Environment | |Siting |Energy |Waste |Harm to Human Health | |Design |Water |Air contamination |Environment Degradation | |Construction |Materials |Water contamination |Loss of Resources | |Operation |Natural Resources |Indoor contamination | |Maintenance | |Heat islands | |Renovation | |Storm water overflow | |Deconstruction | |Noise | 6. Why Build Green? From an ongoing insights distributed by EPA[1] United States, structures represent: †¢ 39 percent of complete vitality use †¢ 12 percent of the all out water utilization 68 percent of all out power utilization †¢ 38 percent of the carbon dioxide outflows The fabricated condition vastly affects the indigenous h abitat, human wellbeing, and the economy. By receiving green structure methodologies, expansion of both financial and natural execution can be accomplished. Green development strategies can be coordinated into structures at any stage, from plan and development, to redesign and deconstruction. Be that as it may, the most critical advantages can be gotten if the structure and development group adopts a coordinated strategy from the soonest phases of a structure venture. 7. How do structures influence environmental change? The vitality used to warmth and force our structures prompts the consumpt

Henry James started life in a wealthy family Essay Example for Free

Henry James began life in an affluent family Essay His granddad was one of the main American moguls. James father was a scholar and his sibling was an analyst. Truth be told, his sibling, William James, was the pioneer of therapy. Around the time that James composed The Turn of The Screw (1897), individuals started to ponder the inward operations of the brain. James appears to be particularly keen on what it is that pulls in people to each other and with respect to when sexuality starts to shape itself in a youngster. A case of this is appeared in one of his initial books, Watch and Ward, in which a lone wolf receives a little youngster with a goal to wed her. This is additionally appeared in The Turn of The Screw, when Miles kisses the tutor. The enemy of the tutor, Peter Quint, has explicitly manhandled Miles, proceeding with this mental topic. A lot of James work is fixated on the blamelessness of the West and the debasement and insight of the East. At the point when Henry James composed The Turn of The Screw, I accept his aim was to make a holding, provocative bit of fiction to include the peruser. He composed altogether through the tutor eyes with the goal that the book would include the peruser. There is additionally a preface in which the peruser is remembered for a friend network recounting to apparition stories to each other. One man announces that he is aware of this story and afterward the account starts decisively. This promptly mentions to the peruser what's in store from the story and how to move toward it. Be that as it may, the act of individuals sitting cycle an open fire and engaging each other with apparition stories is, unfortunately, not normal and, in the event that it happens by any stretch of the imagination, individuals will in general relate accounts as opposed to phantom stories. James has made a strained novel; he manufactures immense anticipation by not quickly saying what's going on. He presents the story as a diary: the impression of the tutor. This is marginally like The Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger. In this the principle character (Holden Caulfield) spills out the entirety of his contemplations onto paper. The tutor writes along these lines, yet it is subtler and increasingly altered; James is attempting to make the peruser live the book. For example, when the tutor initially understands that Miss Jessel is remaining on the contrary side of the lake from her, James doesn't just present this reality, yet rather experiences all the thoughts contemplations and perceptions of the tutor in minute detail and keeps the peruser in proceeded with anticipation until the disclosure. A few people may have discovered this novel terrifying in 1898 (its contemporary setting) yet its setting is really one of its defeats in speaking to a cutting edge crowd. It is excessively close to genuine to request or terrify. The cutting edge loathsomeness crowds taste has gotten progressively outrageous with the goal that blood and gore movies and books are increasingly fantastical. Despite the fact that they are progressively unreasonable, this makes them all the more alarming and some way or another includes the crowd more. The premise of the Turn of The Screw is awfulness attacking regular day to day existence. There is significantly more introduction to frightfulness in the current day, so this hoses the impact that this novel has on individuals now. Individuals become pessimistic when they are over-presented to something, for example, promoting. Henry James composed verbosely, utilizing bunches of symbolism, which as a rule is significant. He utilizes many subordinate conditions, which can make it hard to get I. e. : This is written in the voice of the tutor (as a diary passage) and the decision of jargon gives us that she is knowledgeable (as does the way that she can compose) yet maybe somewhat anxious. It seems as though she is getting insane simply expounding on the experience. This is maybe on the grounds that she is new to the activity and has never worked with youngsters. The old meaning of craziness was: An anxious love, happening solely in ladies, in which the passionate and reflex sensitivity is misrepresented, and the self discipline correspondingly reduced, with the goal that the patient loses power over the feelings, turns into the casualty of fanciful sensations, and regularly falls into eruption or fits. Websters Dictionary This is a token of how ladies were seen and their (normal) job in the public arena at the time the book was composed. Corresponding to The Turn of the Screw being a fruitful apparition story for an advanced crowd, it might be marginally obsolete and maybe not well gotten in our post-women's activist society. Ladies are no longer observed as individuals who should just take care of local issues. Be that as it may, it can break the spell of the composition in the event that you need to peruse a sentence twice to get the exact significance of the scholars thought. This can keep individuals from engaging in the story and in the event that you are not included, you are loathing the story. The symbolism is not entirely clear yet I accept that in the event that you take a gander at some of James symbolism and can clarify it with the primary idea that enters your brain, you don't have James meaning. For example, when Flora runs off to the lake to be with Miss Jessel and the tutor and Mrs. Grose go to get her: The lake is a similitude for Jessels underhanded impact and force. The tutor is stating that she trusts Flora can be spared in light of the fact that Jessel doesn't have full oversight over her yet. The lake is additionally depicted as a sheet of water and a sheet can be utilized to conceal things. Another utilization for a sheet which was increasingly normal in James time (the Victorian time frame) is spread unused furniture in ones second home. The act of covering all furniture is exceptional presently. This is another factor to consider when addressing whether The Turn of the Screw is a viable apparition story for a cutting edge crowd. There are additionally numerous references to the title of the book in some symbolism, for example, in a similar part, when Flora is putting a pole in her toy vessel. This again utilizes the tutor non-depiction of the significant piece of the scene to construct strain. A portion of the symbolism utilized despite everything has pertinence today. We are ingrained with a natural figurative conviction that high is acceptable and low is terrible, as appeared in the book with the differing places of the tutor and the spirits on the flight of stairs. Likewise the allegory turning the screw is as yet an acknowledged term for expanding strain today. The language utilized might be hard to comprehend for an advanced crowd and relatively few individuals can relate to the character, since there isn't a lot to requirement for home mentors and watchmen now. Guardians for the most part have considerably more friendly working hours and want to spend the cash on something progressively vital. Also, youngsters are currently required to go to class (except if they are one of the uncommon instances of those coached at home. ) Many individuals won't by and by know a tutor, not to mention have the option to understand one. Notwithstanding, a few people, for example, single guardians (particularly single parents) may relate to feeling that kind of duty towards their youngsters. The Turn of The Screw was successful in its contemporary setting. Individuals were progressively eccentric around then, on the grounds that for some individuals life was hard, and they required something to center upon. More individuals put stock in God, and for God to exist there must be some insidious on the planet. There was additionally no amusement with the exception of that which individuals made for themselves. Parlor games, recounting stories or perusing books were basic recreation exercises, since individuals couldn't simply plunk down before the TV. Huge numbers of these accounts were passed down from age to age and the most famous were phantom stories. We are captivated with the heavenly and the obscure. It is one of the fundamental base feelings of dread the dread of the obscure that interests to us. The mechanical transformation realized more instruction for lower to white collar class individuals and this implied there was a developing crowd for books and particularly fiction. Individuals wanted to escape from this present reality. In current occasions we are debilitated from thusly of reasoning since science has made some amazing progress since the nineteenth century and there is no logical proof to propose that these things can occur. In any case, dream books and movies are well known, appearing there is as yet a dreamer want in the human mind, despite the fact that more individuals are instructed and we are trained that phantoms don't exist. It appears that TV has pulverized this quietness and congruity. The story should be retold. The eerie impact of an apparition story would now be able to be disturbed all the more effectively on the grounds that we have power, with which comes splendid electric lights that can infiltrate any obscure shadow. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you have an adequately sentimental psyche, at that point the language could help include you in the environment. Likewise I believe that individuals could relate to this on the grounds that there are comparative (seen) perils today. Dwindle Quint is a pedophile and what occurs in the novel is additionally the stuff of bad dreams for guardians in present day times. Notwithstanding, regardless of these components, I don't accept that The Turn of the Screw is at last an effective phantom story for the advanced crowd. The circumstance, language and characters are excessively outsider, yet regularly, to truly include a crowd of people. Innovation, science and instruction bargain the last blow, obliterating the crowds association with the core of the story. Ed Byford In your supposition, is The Turn Of The Screw a 25/04/2007 fruitful phantom story for an advanced crowd?

The 11 Stages of Revision We All Go Through

The 11 Stages of Revision We All Go Through The 11 Stages of Revision We All Go Through Revising is hard. Really hard. So hard, in fact, that procrastination is the mind’s natural method of self-preservation. Sort of. Either way, we’re lucky that we have Twitter to act as a diary at every stage of the revising process. As proof that you’re not on your own, here’s the 11 stages of revision that everyone goes throughâ€"we’re praying for you!1. Peer Pressurepeople die hard revising already are making me so stressed plz stop pic.twitter.com/eHZaeXmufsâ€" sally?? (@sallyxellen) March 19, 2017Before you’ve even started thinking about revising, it seems everybody else has already started. You just want to live your life, so you start (desperately) thinking of other things you “need” to do.2. DenialMe: I should be doing homework and revising for upcoming exams.Also me: pic.twitter.com/H3NxOVrQVeâ€" Laura 33 (@phenomdevitt) March 19, 2017Deep down, you know it’s time to relearn everything you’ve forgotten over the past year, but, sure. Selfie session by the pool. They’re not going to take themselves, are they?3. RealizationWhen you admit that, like Mattie, you should probs actually star t revising.Should probs actually start revisingâ€" Mattie (@Maattieebrown_) March 29, 2017So, you sit at your desk, with your laptop on. “I can do this!” you think. Your highlighters sit, neatly arranged by colour, waiting patiently to help you LEARN.But then it hits you.4. CrisisWhy am I incapable of just sitting and revisingâ€" Riley (@Riley_Low) March 28, 2017You suddenly start to panic, asking yourself, “Can I do this? Do I actually want to do this? What will happen to me if I fail this exam? Could I afford to fail this exam? What’s for dinner? What if it’s me that’s the problem? What if I’m incapable of revising properly?”You think, “Maybe my friends are finding this hard, too.” So, you decide to go on Instagram (because why not: it’s not like you’ve got anything else to be doing).But even there, it’s not safe.5. ParanoiaSwear people purposely put them revising on their story to stress other people outâ€" grace?? (@gracemorrisxx) March 27, 2017You star t to compare yourself to everybody else that’s revising. We’re all in the same boat though, aren’t we? Aren’t we?!6. The False StartYou finally sit down, and make a start.So my lazy ass is finally revisingâ€" south (@heavypolarize) March 20, 2017But not really.im saying i'm revising when really i had got7 blasting on my tv to procrastinateâ€" jennie (@elysiantuan) March 20, 20177. ProgressBefore you know it, you’ve actually got somewhere with your revision. Finished that first chapter? Time to tweet about it, of course.That feeling when u finish a topic when revising pic.twitter.com/1Cy9F5KYNtâ€" George Allison (@gjallison) March 19, 20178. DistractionSometimes, procrastination is like waking up after sleepwalking downstairs. You don’t even how you got here.i was revising my paper how did i end up on twitter pic.twitter.com/cCxrlJv204â€" ? (@kimberIies) March 30, 2017my test is in 20min and instead of revising i'm on twitterâ€" ? (@fIintsilver) March 20, 20179. Acceptanc ei need to finish revising-â€" ? (@theatreclubs) March 30, 2017You realize that the only way out of this is through…10. DedicationBut… wait… before you know it…Been revising since 9am x New woman xxâ€" Danica (@_danica8) March 30, 2017IT’S REALLY HAPPENING!!!IM REVISING GUYSâ€" issy (@deprivedylan) March 30, 201711. SUCCESS!i survived my maths exam HELL YEAH18 hours of revising paid offâ€" laura ?? 105 (@infinitedoddle) February 6, 2017Distinctions in all of my exams ?? who knew revising workedâ€" Lauren Evans (@LaurenEvans29) June 9, 2014Proud of my results, months of revising paid off ??â€" Bryony Shepherd (@bryonyshepherdx) August 20, 2015Don't miss the boat: follow TopUniversities on social media!

Indigenous Religions Essay - 1368 Words

Indigenous Religions of the World What is an ‘indigenous’ religion or belief system? When we hear the term ‘indigenous religion’, what comes to our minds? How do we react internally when those words are mentioned? How do adherents of indigenous religions feel about those outside of their social and cultural circles, who know very little of their beliefs and who understand them even less. And how did the term ‘indigenous’ become associated with various belief systems that, in many cases, preceded most modern religions being practiced today? The term ‘indigenous’ means originating or occurring naturally in a country, region, etc. Indigenous religions do not constitute a â€Å"world religion† in the same way as, Buddhism, Islam or†¦show more content†¦The belief in kinship with creation is widely supported within most indigenous religions. In this way of thinking, there is more importance placed on the concept of â€Å"we† than there is on the concept of â€Å"I†. Here, the family or village is where strong emphasis lies. In many indigenous traditions, developing and maintaining a respectful relationship with spiritual energy is paramount. This concept doesn’t only apply to humans, but also, in many cases to the immediate natural environment as well. The oneness of the body and the land is vital. Many think of themselves as mere ‘caretakers’ of the earth, and nothing more, who has a duty to nurture and preserve it for future generations. Certain animals are seen as spiritual conduits, just as certain trees are seen to impart herbal healing secrets. Another characteristic of an indigenous religion deals with the emphasis placed on the spiritual specialists. The general consensus is that anyone can have personal or direct access to spirits or that which is unseen, yet felt (democratized shamanism). There is no special requirement in most indigenous systems that stipulate ‘who’ can commune or interact with spirits, however, as a general rule, many feel that it is best to leave interactions with spirits to those that have been taught or trained through ritual or purification of some sort. Most indigenous religions are not written down, but based on oralShow MoreRelatedIndigenous Religion Essay1785 Words   |  8 PagesIndigenous religions, full of vibrancy and color, are often misconstrued or written off as primitive. Examples include: Animism, a belief system that stretches back to the earliest human and is still in practice today. It is thought to be a dangerous, shamanistic religious practice that is looked up on negatively. Buddhism, a religion that people believe is practiced only by environmentalists and the â€Å"hippies† of the world. The reality is it is practiced by the majority of East Asia. It has a powerfulRead MoreEssay on Indigenous Religion: Druid Religion672 Words   |  3 PagesThe Druids are a major division of Indigenous Religion and are located in the British Isles and Scotland. The Druids are most commonly associated with the Indigenous Celtic people of Ireland. Druids are known to have existed as far back as 3rd century B.C.E. (History of Britain: Rise and Fall of the Druids) The Druids passed down rituals and history through stories rather than through written text so a lot is still unknown about how they lived. There are still many people in today’s culture who activelyRead MoreThe Indigenous Religions Of The World1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe Indigenous Religions of the World Throughout the world there are many various religions, some very common to you and I. However, there are many religions that are common in several isolated places all around the world in Japan, Australia, and the Americas. Many of these religions, called Indigenous Religions are based on nature, and the earth. The practice of these religions is considered sacred to the people that follow them. Many of these indigenous people are fully sacrificed to their religionRead MoreEssay on Indigenous Religions of the World1535 Words   |  7 PagesIndigenous religions exist in every climate around the world and exhibit a wide range of differences in their stories, language, customs, and views of the afterlife. Within indigenous communities, religion, social behavior, art, and music are so intertwined that their religion is a significant part of their culture and virtually inseparable from it. These religions originally developed and thrived in isolation from one another and are some of the earliest examples of religious practice and beliefRead MoreIndigenous African Religions1192 Words   |  5 PagesSan hunter-gatherers and the Bantu speaking farmers in every aspect of their unique cultures; how these two groups met and how they influenced each other. I will also discuss the influence the Colonists had on indigenous African cultures and if it is appropriate to refer to all the indigenous cultures as one collective group of people by discussing what these two groups (San hunter-gatherers and Bantu speaking people) have in common. Since there are no written records of the pre-colonial period, allRead MoreAfrican Indigenous Religions Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction African traditional religions were the first recorded religions to grace the plains and coasts of Southern Africa and possibly even the world. The earliest group of people living in Southern Africa has been named the San people. It was thought that San etchings and implements found in caves dated back to between 10 000 and 20 000 years ago (Deacon, 1999). However in 2008 the oldest art to date was found in a cave in Still Bay in Cape Town, called the ‘Blombos’ cave. It was named by ChristopherRead MoreFreedom Of Religion : Indigenous People And The United Nations2340 Words   |  10 PagesFreedom of religion is a widely accepted right recognized through various governments and the United Nations. In Canada this right has been neglected for Indigenous people, specifically First Nations. Indigenous religions describe a religion that belonged to the people who are originally from an area. They are known to be holistic and focus on relationships, whether that be with the Cr eator, the land or the people. They often have a common belief that they are apart of nature and it is viewed asRead MoreIndigenous Religions : Native American Indians Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesAround the world, many indigenous religions exist and share their beliefs and culture with other individuals around them. Indigenous religions are unique because in the world today, a lot of people can go back in history and reveal that they came from indigenous people. When examining indigenous religions, there are a variety of cultures within this religion, but specifically looking at the Native American Indian tribes, there were many ways they practiced their culture in order to serve a purposeRead MoreReligious Beliefs And Practices Common Among Indigenous Religions964 Words   |  4 PagesIn what ways might the various beliefs and practices common among indigenous religions relate to definitions of religion as being that which binds back or re-connects people to an underlying and g reater sacred reality? Although western religions have some parallels, indigenous religions are much more interconnected with each other and their sacred reality. After reading this chapter, it is apparent that studies have found there is a greater connection between the people and the earth. WhileRead MoreIndigenous Religions and Their Sacred Reverence Toward Nature2252 Words   |  10 PagesIndigenous Religions and their Sacred Reverence Toward Nature Kimberly Kitterman Barstow Community College Abstract Many indigenous religions and cultures viewed the earth with great respect and reverence. This can be seen through their kinship with the land, their belief in animism, their hunter/hunted relationship, and their origin stories. Indigenous Religions and their Sacred Reverence Toward Nature Most indigenous cultures had a profound respect for their environment. They believed that

Confessional Poetry Essay - 1640 Words

Confessional poetry is a style that emerged in the late 1950’s. Poetry of this type tends to be very personal and emotional. Many confessional poets dealt with subject matter that had previously been taboo. Death, trauma, mental illness, sexuality, and numerous other topics flowed through the works of the poetry from this movement. Confessional poetry was not purely autobiographical, but did often express deeply disturbing personal experience. (Academy of American Poets) Three important poets who are typically associated with the confessional poetry movement are Anne Sexton, Allen Ginsberg, and Denise Levertov. An analysis of selected works from these poets yields a deeper insight into the individual poets and the broad†¦show more content†¦Much of her poetry deals with topics such as sexual abuse, suicide, addiction, relationships, and sexuality. Of interest is the liberated feminist aspect of her work which can be seen in such poems as â€Å"The Ballad of the Lonely Masturbator†. Throughout her adult life, and until her death in 1974, Anne Sexton plied her unique brand of poetry as a form of therapy and expression. Sexton stated: My analyst told me to write between our sessions about what I was feeling and thinking and dreaming. (Poetry Foundation) â€Å"45 Mercy Street† is an example of Anne Sexton’s late work, just prior to her suicide. Released in a posthumous collection, this poem extends past the idea of confession. â€Å"45 Mercy Street† is a pure cry for help from a tortured psyche which has already decided that death is the only viable escape. Sexton’s work is a case study in severe depression and bipolar disorder. Regarding her classification as a confessional poet, Sexton often disliked the term, yet still applied it to herself on occasion. In an interview with Patricia Marx, Sexton stated: If anything influenced me it was W. D. Snodgrass Hearts Needle.... It so changed me, and undoubtedly it must have influenced my poetry. At the same time everyone said, You cant write this way. Its too personal; its confessional; you cant write this, Anne, and everyone wasShow MoreRelated Confessional Poetry Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesConfessional Poetry I have done it again. One year in every ten I manage it – A sort of walking miracle, my skin Bright as a Nazi lampshade, My right foot A paperweight, My face featureless, fine Jew linen. This excerpt comes from the poem â€Å"Lady Lazarus† by Sylvia Plath, one of the most famous – and infamous – poets of the 20th century. Many of Plath’s poems, such as this one, belong to a particular school ofRead MoreThe Confessional Style Of Poetry1009 Words   |  5 PagesRupi Kaur’s collection of confessional poems, Milk and Honey, shows her feelings towards poetry as an art. It explains how the confessional style of poetry allows artists to transform their pain and feelings into art. Art is always changing, new ideas are brought about, artists create with different purposes. The art of poetry is constantly evolving, poets introduce different ideas and styles based on the message they are trying to portray. The confessional style of poetry is one that allows the poetRead MoreThe Confessional Mode Of Poetry Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pages During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the confessional mode of poetry, coined by M.L. Rosenthal in 1959, emerged in the United States as a reaction to New criticism and Modernism, the dominant literary theories at that time. This mode of writing worked as â€Å"a model for poets who chose to reject modernist difficulty and new critical complexity in favor of a more relaxed or personal voice† and gave them the opportunity to â€Å"articulate feelings , thoughts and emotions that challenged the decorumRead MoreConfessional Poetry in The Word by Sylvia Plath Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Essay What sets apart the poetic style of both modernism and postmodernism is that both attempted to diverge from the traditional proses of 19th century, specifically, from realism. Both also tend to form around the philosophy of subjectivity as both explore the inner emotions of characters and thus use it to develop ideas and conceptions in the reader’s mind. Experimentation is present is both modernist and postmodernist works; however, it takes on a central role in postmodern works andRead MoreHow Can Confessional Poetry Help Us Express Ideas And Beliefs We Wish Our Teachers Know?1056 Words   |  5 Pagesskills applied in this lesson - Literary Elements: tone, theme, mood, author’s purpose, repetition - Poetry Analysis Elements: speaker, impression, context - Students must actively participate in classroom discussion and respond to teacher and peers in a respectful and educational manner. - Open-ended exit ticket response Goals, Objectives, and Standards 1. Academic goal(s): How can confessional poetry help us express ideas and beliefs we wish our teachers knew? 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In her works â€Å"Cut,† â€Å"I Am Vertical,† and â€Å"Lady La zarus,† Plath exemplifies confessional poetry through the themes of resentment, death, and mental illnessRead MoreBreaking Up With Daddy: Sylvia Plath on Human Relations958 Words   |  4 PagesAs is inherent within the tradition of confessional poetry, a subgenre of lyric poetry which was most prominent from the fifties to the seventies (Moore), Sylvia Plath uses the events of her own tragic life as the basis of creating a persona in order to examine unusual relationships. An excellent example of this technique is Plath’s poem â€Å"Daddy† from 1962, in which she skilfully manipulates both diction, trope and, of course, rhetoric to create a character which, although separate from Plath herselfRead MoreSylvia Plath is an American Writer who Writes Confessional Poems about her Life1117 Words   |  4 PagesSylvia Plath is an American writer, commonly known for her poetry works. Her poetry can be categorized as â€Å"confessional poetry†, which are poems a bout the poet’s personal life. Her two most famous published collections of poems are The Colossus and Other Poemsand Ariel, but it was not until after Plath’s death that The Bell Jarwas published. The Bell Jar is considered a more personal and semi-autobiographical novel. Throughout Sylvia Plath’s lifetime, she suffered mentally since she was a little

Singapore Telecom Singtel s Leading Telecommunications...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Singapore Telecom SingTel is Asia’s leading telecommunications company. Which provides a scope for telecommunication products and services in term of fixed line, internet, mobile and pay TV Headquartered in Singapore with over 130 years of operating experience and played pivotal role in country’s as major communication hub .SingTel has built up itself as the largest telecommunication provider in Singapore and the second largest in Australia by market share and also at the same time the group is also long term strategic investor in six regional mobile operators. These achievements have help SingTel keep its fast pace in the best approach to accomplish its corporate vision which is to be Asia Pacific s best multimedia solution groups. In Singapore, increased competition and quick changing business environment has been seen as the business sector is opening up to more service providers. A standout amongst the most powerful new products is the Next Generation National Broa dband Network which includes with ultra-fast speed network access to the business and residential users. And SingTel serves over 550 million customers around world .SingTel have made the right moves by becoming into the fiber service provider. SingTel also strategically invested in Asia and Africa, including Bharti Airitel (India, South Asia and Africa), Telkomsel (Indonesia), Globe telecom (Philippines) and advance information service (Thailand).SingTel group CEO Chua Sock Koong .SingaporeShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Singapore Telecom ( Singtel )1569 Words   |  7 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Singapore Telecom (SingTel) is Asia’s leading telecommunications company provides a scope for telecommunication products and services in term of fixed line, internet, mobile and pay TV. 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College Guide:- Dr. Himani Joshi Acknowledgement:- In the realization of one’s objective man is not an independent identity. It is the combined efforts of the people from diverse circle. Keeping this

Optical Network Design and Planning

Question: Discuss about the Optical Network Design and Planning. Answer: Network Diagram Figure: 1 Network Diagram The above network diagram portrays that a total of seven personal computer are connected to the network via wired line whereas, one laptop and one tablet computer are accessing the network through the wireless connection. In the above-designed network, diagram has total two routers and two switches. Router 1 is connected to the internet and the second router is connected to router one. Two routers are connected with two switches respectively. Switch one is connected with the router one and switch two is connected to the second router. Three PCs are connected to the switch one, and other three PCs are connected to the second switches which are subnet B and subnet A. The main network administration system is connected with the switch one. A wireless access point also connected with the switch one. A tablet computer and a laptop computer access, the network via access point which is subnet C. The subnet C network, is connected to the internet via switch and router. In the Subnet 3 netwo rk, it has wireless access to the internet. Subnet A System IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Address PC1 172.22.0.2 255.255.254.0 172.22.0.1 PC2 172.22.0.3 255.255.254.0 172.22.0.1 PC3 172.22.0.4 255.255.254.0 172.22.0.1 Subnet B System IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Address PC1 172.22.2.3 255.255.255.248 172.22.2.1 PC2 172.22.2.4 255.255.255.248 172.22.2.1 PC3 172.22.2.5 255.255.255.248 172.22.2.1 Subnet C System IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Address Tablet computer 172.22.2.2 255.255.255.128 172.22.2.7 Laptop PC 172.22.2.6 255.255.255.128 172.22.2.7 The network diagram shows the various entities used in forming the network. The various other devices that need to be added to the network for ensuring the basic functionality are hub, bridge, repeater, central office server, firewall and many more. In order to understand the significant of connecting various devices, the architecture of the network need to be robust. An essential element required in the network is the Hub. Being a non-intelligent device the hub is required in the network to broadcast the data from one computer connected o the network to another device. The hub is added to the OSI model's physical layer. Thus, it has no acknowledgement of the different MAC address of the devices connected to the network. Repeater used in the network will amplify the signal while discarding the noise. Repeaters are required for broadcasting over a long distance to prevent the distorted signal. The firewall system is used for security purpose. A firewall system can be placed or connected the router, switch, or in between the internet and router. A firewall has two type of functions, one is packet filter firewall, and another one is proxy filter firewall. Packet filter firewall is used to filter the network packets, and proxy filter firewall is used to bypass the access system. A proxy server is used in proxy filter firewall to check the authorized access. A repeater can be used to in this network. The chief hardware recommendation of the network for basic functionality is a wireless router, wires based connection, and wireless NIC. The wireless router is required for the providing internet access to the components connected to the network. The wireless router acts as the hub of the wired network. Furthermore, a wired base connection or Ethernet connection is required to provide standard networking function in the network. The most vital part of the wireless network required is the Network Information Card (NIC). Usually, the laptops come with inbuilt NIC card, but in order to connect any personal computer on the desktop with the wireless network, the system must have installed NICs. To implement a wireless network few things must be considered, those are The environment creates major influence in a wireless network system. Before place any wireless access point, the environment should be checked. Application support must be enabled in a wireless network system. The application can be simple office application, like an email application, file transfer application, browsing application. It could be remote patient observing in a doctor's facility or voice telephony in a storeroom. The application prerequisites empower the network designer to indicate the material throughput, innovations and items when outlining the framework. Coverage area describes the place where users access the wireless network. The users might need only connectivity in their application. In addition, deliberately consider whether coverage is required in stairwells, lifts, and parking lots. These are hard-to-cover the area, and it can increase the wireless network device cost. By indicating the appropriate coverage, it can be avoid the extra expense for wireless network devices. Dynamic IP- Make sure to recognize whether the users are stationary or mobile, which gives evidence to incorporating upgraded roaming in the configuration. The user of mobile will move about the facility and possible roaming crosswise over IP spaces, making need to oversee IP addresses dynamically. Few users, in any case, might be stationary, for example, remote desktops. Security system describes the wireless network information sensitivity which will navigate the wireless system. The wireless network designer needs to put an authentication in the wireless network system. A robust firewall system needs to be installed in the network to provide security for communication through the network. Bibliography Simmons, J. M. (2014). Optical network design and planning. Springer. Dziubiski, M., Goyal, S. (2013). Network design and defence. Games and Economic Behavior, 79, 30-43. Ramezani, M., Bashiri, M., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R. (2013). A new multi-objective stochastic model for a forward/reverse logistic network design with responsiveness and quality level. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(1), 328-344. Quigley, T., MacInnis, A. G., Behzad, A. R., Karaoguz, J., Walley, J., Buer, M. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,198,096. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Mayoral, A., Lpez, V., Gerstel, O., Palkopoulou, E., de Dios, . G., Fernndez-Palacios, J. P. (2014, March). Minimizing resource protection in IP over WDM networks: Multi-layer shared a backup router. In Optical Fiber Communication Conf.(OFC) (pp. M3B-1). Andrews, P. E., Harris, R., Plum, D. L. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,495,190. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Li, Y., He, P., Hu, Y., Chen, C., Nie, J., Liang, Y. (2015). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/879,950. Tongxing, M. A., Pan, L., Yang, R., Jianguo, D. A. N. G. (2014). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/338,409. Scherzer, T., Scherzer, S. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,358,638. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Bhopal Gas Leak

Table of Contents Introduction Cause of the Disaster Effects on the Environment References Introduction The Bhopal Gas Leak is the worst environmental disaster in our history. This disaster occurred on December 12, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), a pesticide-manufacturing factory in Bhopal, India, and was caused by a leak of methyl isocyanate gas (MIC) and other lethal gases from the plant (Rosenberg, 2011). The gas cloud emanating from this leak contained nearly 15 metric tons of MIC and spread over the vast and densely populated Bhopal city.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bhopal Gas Leak specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The gas leak killed at least 4,000 people immediately and caused health complications for at least 50,000 inhabitants with some agencies reporting a figure of 500,000. These health complications have resulted in the death of more than 15,000 people over the last two decades while a large number (estimated at 100,000) still suffers from the effects of the gas leak, with ten people dying every year (Broughton, 2005). Chemicals released during the leakage were deposited in the area around the plant and have continued to seep into the groundwater. Other sources of pollution include leaks from isolation material and residues as the containers used for storing them are slowly wearing out. Tests carried out by UCIL in 1989 showed that soil and water in the Bhopal neighborhood were poisonous to fish and other aquatic life. In 1994, studies indicated that 21% of the UCIL premises were highly contaminated with toxic chemicals. Apart from humans, animals were also affected by the MIC leak: at least 2,000 animals, both wild and domesticated, were found dead. Cause of the Disaster The gas leak is said to have begun when water entered a tank that contained 42 tons of MIC, an ingredient in the production of pesticide. This contact led to an exothermic reaction that e levated temperatures inside the tank to more than 200 0C, leading to a corresponding elevation in pressure. This caused the tank to vent, releasing poisonous gases into the atmosphere, the spread of the leaked gas was hastened by the northwesterly winds blowing over Bhopal (Rosenberg, 2011). The explanation as to how water entered the MIC tank has varied depending on the investigating agency. Union Carbide, the major shareholder in the firm, stated that such a large amount of water could only enter the tank through sabotage by an employee. Somebody intentionally put water inside the tank leading to a reaction and eventually a gas leak. However, the Indian government accused Union Carbide of not taking adequate security measures to avert or control a disaster. For example, the company should have installed six safety systems that would either prevent or contain the disaster, none of them worked correctly that night.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's se e if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, the company switched off safety controls to reduce their expenses- including the MIC tank cooler that would have lessened the severity of the gas leak. The number of casualties was high due to the dense population in the Bhopal area, said to be more 900,000 and a warning siren that was started was immediately put off allegedly to prevent panic. Most of the Bhopal residents were asleep when trouble began at the pesticide plant and many only woke up because they heard their children coughing from the fumes. As the residents woke up, they felt a burning sensation at the throat while some chocked from the smoke. People ran in all directions, unsure of which way to go, amidst the confusion, families became separated and many people fell unconscious and were trampled upon (Rosenberg, 2011). Effects on the Environment Even before the gas leak, the area surrounding the plant was used for depositing toxic ch emicals and this led to the abandoning of wells in the vicinity of the plant in 1982. During the leak, nearly 27 tons of MIC gas escaped into the air and spread over the heavily populated city of Bhopal, spreading over a 30 square mile area. The plant was closed between 1985 and 1986, during which most of the pipes and drums were sold off, however, the MIC and pesticide tanks are still in the site, as well as several tanks used to store various residues (Broughton, 2005). These tanks have worn out and the isolated material is falling out and is being dispersed into the surrounding water systems. The isolated material contains several heavy and/or toxic elements that include naphthol, nickel, lead, mercury, and other hydrocarbon compounds such as hexachlorobenzene, most of which can cause nervous system breakdown, liver and kidney infections and perhaps cancer in the coming years. In fact, several studies have indicated that the water and soil in the area are highly polluted (Brought on, 2005). Today, the location and its environs are still polluted with thousands of tons poisonous material, these have found their way into water systems that are used by the local population. A recent visit by the BBC revealed that some wells in the area even contain nearly 500 times the recommended limit of these pollutants, however, the locals continue to use this water as they have no other choice (Vickers, 2004). The population around the UCIL plant still suffers from various diseases not common among persons living in other areas (Morehouse Subramaniam, 1986).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bhopal Gas Leak specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Broughton, E. (2005). The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, Vol. 4, No. 6. Morehouse, W., Subramaniam, M. A., and the Citizens’ Commission on Bhopal. (1986). The Bhopal tragedy: what re ally happened and what it means for American workers and communities at risk. NJ: Council on International and Public Affairs. Rosenberg, J. (2011). 1984 – Huge Poison Gas Leak in Bhopal, India. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/huge-poison-gas-leak-bhopal-india-1779415 Vickers, P. (2004). Bhopal ‘faces risk of poisoning’. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4010511.stm This essay on Bhopal Gas Leak was written and submitted by user N0mad to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Rave Culture

RAVE CULTURE This essay will explain rave culture. The reason that I chose to research and write on this topic is that I am involved with rave scene and enjoy going to â€Å"raves.† From researching this topic I discovered that rave culture displays many of life’s simple pleasures, such as dancing. Over the last 10-15 years, a new trend of parties has been evolving. These gatherings are known in the media as raves, and are often simply called parties by those attending them. A rave is an all night event where usually young people gather in a social atmosphere while listening to hypnotic dance music. These parties have slowly evolved into spectacles of total sensory overload. The first is the social aspects, unhindered freedom of expression of ones self through dance, dress or any other mean without fear of ridicule from others. The second is the dancing and its often quasi-spiritual effects on those partaking. The key to the success of raves is the positive atmosphere, or "vibe". Raves are renowned for people's acceptability and tolerance for others. They are safe havens for people who wish to be free from social pressures. Because of this, many ravers (person who attends these parties) are dressed differently then people you would normally see. Bright colors, clothing with different textures and feel, and generally clothes that is very comfortable to dance with. A sense of unity is formed between the partygoers, they attempt to form a community of sorts through there individuality. People feel free to go up to strangers and start up conversations. They also become very comfortable with everyone around them and try to share this feeling with others. This is a very important part of the whole Rave experience. When this occurs, then the "party kids" can truly feel free to be themselves in every way. This is something quite rare in today's commercialized society which often dictates wh! at is normal, and what isn't. Rave mu... Free Essays on Rave Culture Free Essays on Rave Culture RAVE CULTURE This essay will explain rave culture. The reason that I chose to research and write on this topic is that I am involved with rave scene and enjoy going to â€Å"raves.† From researching this topic I discovered that rave culture displays many of life’s simple pleasures, such as dancing. Over the last 10-15 years, a new trend of parties has been evolving. These gatherings are known in the media as raves, and are often simply called parties by those attending them. A rave is an all night event where usually young people gather in a social atmosphere while listening to hypnotic dance music. These parties have slowly evolved into spectacles of total sensory overload. The first is the social aspects, unhindered freedom of expression of ones self through dance, dress or any other mean without fear of ridicule from others. The second is the dancing and its often quasi-spiritual effects on those partaking. The key to the success of raves is the positive atmosphere, or "vibe". Raves are renowned for people's acceptability and tolerance for others. They are safe havens for people who wish to be free from social pressures. Because of this, many ravers (person who attends these parties) are dressed differently then people you would normally see. Bright colors, clothing with different textures and feel, and generally clothes that is very comfortable to dance with. A sense of unity is formed between the partygoers, they attempt to form a community of sorts through there individuality. People feel free to go up to strangers and start up conversations. They also become very comfortable with everyone around them and try to share this feeling with others. This is a very important part of the whole Rave experience. When this occurs, then the "party kids" can truly feel free to be themselves in every way. This is something quite rare in today's commercialized society which often dictates wh! at is normal, and what isn't. Rave mu...

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Final Exam - Essay Example Though some of these values evolve to embrace the changing times and others may interpret it differently under different situation but the universal acceptance of what is right and what is wrong has given them a strong foothold to withstand the adversities of the time. Barring serious acts of omission and commission, it is increasingly becoming difficult for a person to maintain a high level of personal integrity as very often the personal values clash with the organization’s objectives and organization’s target based results. The application of ‘Ethical Business Leader’s Decision Tree’ helps to evaluate the ethical and legal dilemma of the issue at hand. In the contemporary time, the tree helps to evaluate the actions and performance outcome of the business decisions so as to ensure that the companies and business enterprises conform to the wider interests of their various stakeholders. The tree also promotes a sense of corporate social responsibility and relates the ‘standards imposed by law with those mandated as a matter of ethics’ (Ethics, Value Creation and Risk Management). As per the decision tree, the restaurant is bound to safeguard the interests of its customers by providing them with safe and edible food items. The contaminated sausages pose a threat to the well being of the customers and therefore, not only the whole shipment of the contaminated sausages be withdrawn, the seven customers who had fallen sick after eating those sausages, should also be appropriately compensated. The law also makes disclosure necessary under the ‘prevention of deceptive practices’ and Jerry and his partner must disclose that the contaminated sausages have been withdrawn from the restaurant menu. The decision tree has huge implications for all types of actions and business decisions for all stakeholders. The anxiety of George, business partner of Jerry, is also genuine because they have put a huge amount of money into

PESTLE Analysis of Gazprom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTLE Analysis of Gazprom - Coursework Example As the paper outlines, Gazprom contributes nearly 10% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Russia and aims to make the company the leader in the energy sector (Green Peace, 2013). It supplies resources to the people of Russia and other countries and helps in generating electricity for the people. Much of the revenues of Gazprom are generated from exporting gas to the European countries. The prices charged from the foreign consumers are five times more than the Russian consumers. The growth of the company can be observed from its 5 Years Dividend Growth which is 17.63% with the current P/E ratio of 2.4931. Gazprom, in order to become the leader of the natural gas and oil segment, has explored its business in various European countries and thus has become a profitable corporation (Bloomberg, 2013; Victor, 2008). The objective of the company is to do a PESTLE analysis of Gazprom. The impacts of the political, economic, social and other factors on the operations of the company would be evaluated with a precise focus on the influence of Eastern Europe. PESTLE Analysis The business of Gazprom operates in an environment which is surrounded by several key factors. To evaluate the factors, to understand the opportunities and the threats of the environment PESTLE analysis is conducted. This analysis helps in understanding the environment and the future scopes of the company in the region owing to the social, economic and political perspectives along with the government policies of the region. In this regard, it is determined that Gazprom has its base in Russia and the maximum amount of revenue for the company comes from the Eastern European economy. PESTLE analysis would enable to derive an understanding of the influencing factors which are or would affect the company’s performance, especially in the Eastern European region. Political The government policies of Russia affect the business of Gazprom. Due to government policies, Gazprom enjoyed the power of monopoly for several years in its prices and distribution process of natural gas. The government of Russia submitted a proposal for the intergovernmental agreement which affected the cross border infrastructure. These treaties eradicated the monopoly of the company but made the trade easier. The political rationale behind the policy implication was to expand the business in Russia and in overseas. The traditional political policy was hampering the market share of Gazprom in the European market and hence the need for the tie-up with Qatar emerged to help the company and the country in gaining importance in Europe (Hulbert, n.d.). The investment from the Russia government would help in the development of Gazprom and the economy of the country as well. Moreover, it is also observed that the political dispute between Russia and Ukraine was affecting the gas prices and its trade. The use of gas by Moscow from the underground gas storage affected the transportation to Europe. The trade barriers and the high prices are affecting the business and the economy of Russia. To regain its market in the European countries, an agreement is being done by the government to lower the price of gases in Lithuania. Moreover, the Russian political environment used Gazprom as an instrument for foreign policy to remove gas supply to Georgia and Moldova.

Reflections on my Personal and Professional Growth Essay Example for Free

Reflections on my Personal and Professional Growth Essay My time studying with the University of Phoenix online has affected my life in many ways. I have had the chance to learn a lot by utilizing the Internet to help me further my education. I feel that my degree will open many new doors for me, but first I will go back and discuss my impressions from when I first started taking nursing classes online. Learning has always been very important to me. I understand that we do not get very far in this world if we are not willing to take instruction and use it to the best of our abilities. Being a student was an exciting opportunity, especially in the major field that I had chosen, nursing. Nursing is an ever-changing field, and it is very important to keep up with the latest information if one is going to be professional and the best they can be in their chosen profession. I feel that strengthening my knowledge base made me grow in my personal life because there was so much that I could accomplish just by taking the steps to learn more. In nursing learning more leads to bigger and greater opportunities and the chance to take jobs that might be out of reach if I did not choose to obtain greater knowledge. While learning new things may be stressful at times, I feel that the knowledge received is all worth it in the end. I first learned the English language nine years ago when I immigrated to the United States. My problem solving skills and my oral communication skills were wonderful, but I had some trouble with my writing skills. As for retrieving information and using it, I had no problem locating information, whether in books or on the Internet, and using it for any task that was put in front of me. Collaboration was not a problem as long as it was done in an oral manner. As I have mentioned, my writing skills were only fair, and so collaboration involving writing could be fairly difficult. My career goals were based around degrees that I had already earned, namely a registered nurse degree and a respiratory therapist degree. My immediate goal was to get my Bachelors of Science degree in nursing, however, I also had other goals. For example, I wished to take my two degrees that were already earned and use them to get into a nurse anesthesia school. My most lofty goal was to finish my bachelor’s degree and start taking more classes to earn a Masters degree one day. As you may see, I am very dedicated to my chosen line of work and desire to be the best at it. Education is my ticket to being the best, and I crave all kinds of new information and knowledge that will make me an excellent nurse. While I was in the program, I found that the classes raised my level of competence in several areas. While I was already quite good at problem solving and oral communication, taking classes that challenged me and required me to do over and above what I was accustomed to only increased my competence in those areas. While my writing skills were not so good to start off with, different requirements for classes gave me a lot of practice and much more confidence with the written word. Taking Internet classes helped me solidify my ability to retrieve information on my own and use it to do the tasks that were expected of me. Two of the general education classes that helped me the most with becoming a more proficient learner were GEN 101, Skills for Lifelong Learning, and REL 333, World Religious Traditions. GEN 101 really gave me a lot of insight on how to balance learning with having an outside life. It gave me the opportunity to learn more about collaboration and how it would help me through classes and through life. Being taught how to assess my own strengths and weaknesses was very helpful and gave me a lot of insight into what I needed to improve upon and what I was already doing well. Learning how to access and use the information that the University provides to us online proved to be particularly valuable to me. Perhaps the most important thing this class provided me was the ability to sit back and take a look at why I was returning to school and what I really hoped to get out of it. That really solidified my career goals and made me eager to get into the process of completing my degree. REL 333 was my favorite general education class. I found that it taught me a lot about all the different kinds of religion in the world, and also about personal views of life from other perspectives. I know that in my line of work I will encounter many people who have different ideas about the world than I do, and this class was very helpful in giving me a glimpse into what some of my patient’s and co-workers’ lives and beliefs might be and how I might work with people who have different views on life than I do. The two core courses that I enjoyed the most were NUR 390, Introduction to Professional Nursing, and NUR 420, Health Assessment. NUR 390 was a great class because it really gave me a good base for the rest of my nursing classes. Being able to take a good look at my strengths and weaknesses in regards to writing, giving presentations, and working with other people as a group really gave me a reference to discover what I was doing very well and what I could improve in. It also gave tips on stress management, something that is very important for someone in the nursing field. Too many nurses burn out because they are unable to handle stress, and I think that learning these tips will help me get through some of the rough days. Also, thinking about the direction that health care is going and what my role as a nurse will be in that field was interesting and informational. NUR 420 was my favorite core class. I got a lot out of the information on different types of patient assessment, especially the ICU assessment section. The many different types of assessment taught will be very valuable to me in my profession, especially since they dealt with patients across the entire life span. I think that this class will prepare me very well for any hospital situation that I find myself in since it did not focus on one age group but instead gave a good overview of anyone I might come in contact with. Learning risk factors and strategies for prevention of many common problems will also prove to be invaluable in my line of work. Perhaps the most important thing I learned was how to get a good patient interview. It can be hard to get good information from someone who is very ill or in pain, and the strategies I learned will be something I can rely on until the end of my career. My University of Phoenix experience was wonderful for the most part, but there are a few things that I believe could make it better. I personally would like to see more interaction between the students taking any given course. While the Internet is very convenient and a great way to learn for people who cannot attend regular classes, there is a human component that is missing from the whole system. Social skills tend to get put on the back burner, and I think that for some professions it is very important to work on social abilities. Also, I believe that the tuition may be prohibitive for many people who would very much like to continue their education. I understand that all colleges are expensive, but perhaps a slightly lower tuition would make it possible for people who could never hope to attend college get the degree that they desire. I think that having an online university is great, but the students would benefit from classes on social interaction and dealing with the public without a computer in front of them. Dropping the tuition would also be a great help and encourage many new students to sign up for programs, thus offsetting the drop in revenue. Instituting those two measures would make for students more prepared for the real world and more people being able to follow their dreams, such as I am doing. Now that I have received my degree and am ready to take on new challenges, I see that lifelong learning is something that everyone should attempt to do, whether in a program or just by their own devices. Lifelong learning is extremely important if one wants to keep up with the ever-changing world we live in. For my part, nursing is a field that is very fluid. There are always new things to learn and new ways to do things. It would be nearly impossible for me to do a good job in my field if I was not constantly striving to learn something new and improve myself to do the best job possible. I have grown in my abilities to communicate with patients and families, my writing skills have improved quite a bit, and I have learned a lot about the views of others whom I will encounter daily. All of these things can be attributed to lifelong learning, and I feel that every class I took expanded my knowledge and made me more determined to continue my education until I reach my goal. I have not determined yet what my final goal will be, but I hope to be always reaching for the next thing I can learn until I find the perfect spot for me. Even then, I always wish to be perfecting all that I do to make my personal and professional life all that it can possibly be. My personal goals for the next few years center around my family. I want to take time to raise my beautiful son whom I have not had much time for during my past two years of study in this program. I want to spend some time with my family and do some traveling. I also want to consider expanding my family with another baby, but it is too soon to tell about that. My professional goals include getting out of bedside nursing. I have done that for quite a while and am ready to move on to something else. I want to keep learning more and more about my profession, and through that gain a promotion which will improve my skills and ability base. As far as educational goals, I have many things in mind. The two most pressing are to get my Masters degree in nursing and to apply to a nurse anesthesia school for next year. I will be in Kaplan University’s Legal Nurse Consultant program for the next full year. As far as skills and competencies that I would like to develop, I would very much like to continue learning about cardiac care. That is something that I am very interested in and would love to find out as much information as I can on the subject. I have not joined any professional organizations as of yet, but I am looking into different ones and may make a decision to join one in the near future. I hope to attend some pulmonary and cardiac workshops or conferences in the next year or so. Having just finished my degree, I have not given much thought to workshops and conferences just yet. There are several additional degrees that I might consider looking into. I am already enrolled at Kaplan to take their Legal Nurse Consultant program, and I would really like to get my Masters degree in nursing as soon as possible. Besides those I am also thinking about taking classes to be a nurse practitioner or become a CRNA, which is a certified nursing anesthesia position. I am keeping my options open. In conclusion, my years in the nursing program at the University of Phoenix have been hard, yet rewarding. I have finished my goal of having a Bachelors degree, and that is opening doors for me to become so much more. I am grateful for the emphasis on lifelong learning that my courses have provided as that has inspired me to go on to more classes and more degrees. It is good to have an online university to go to that is respectable and accredited, and it is good that there is a way for people who work and have families to improve their lives by getting higher education. I will take with me all that I have learned from this program and hopefully be a better nurse and a better professional for it. This is just the start of my dreams. .

Soundtrack to a Schizophrenic Mind :: Psychology Loneliness Essays

Soundtrack to a Schizophrenic Mind "The only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but burn, burn, burn, like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the sky." ~Jack Kerouac On the Road Track 1: Ryan Adams>> "Back beat the word is on the street that the fire in your heart is out..." Next door and two flights up an unknown woman sings scales, melancholic and operatic, ghostlike, she vocalizes the sorrows that haunt me. Music has always been my salvation. A feeling rolls in, filling the empty vibration of my atmosphere. Rain, softly at first, then steadily. The universe weeps. It feels like God mocks me, showing off by crying when I can't. In retrospect, maybe he was empathizing, like a parent leading by example, gently nudging me to follow suit. But presently, I am bitter, completely incapable of seeing optimistically. Perception is inseparable from state of mind. There is a huge difference between being alone and feeling lonely. The former is bearable, even enjoyable, when a person is actually physically alone. The latter, being surrounded by the people who care, yet separated by an invisible distance, a magnetic charge of pride and insecurity, repelling love despite closeness of its proximity and the friendliest of intentions, tortures the soul. In Thailand, halfway across the world, I missed the people I love, but in a happy nostalgic way. Alone yet never lonely. Home again, I see them every day, smile at them, converse with them, yet cannot connect psychically. There is no heart in my friendships here. Surrounded by the people I once missed, I feel only empty. 58 moonstones arranged on links of tarnished silver wrap loosely around my bony fingers. I am not catholic, or even Christian, but on this night I slide my fingertips over the smooth rosary beads. Drowning. Sometimes it is just so painful to be alive. Screams, trapped with the tears somewhere inside, build a dam of hopelessness and frustration to protect society from the unsightly emotions: anger, sadness, grief. Freud called it melancholy: loss unmourned. Modern society calls it depression, apparently a phenomenon common amongst students returning from extended travels in "developing" countries. "You'll readjust in a month or so", they consoled me.

ESPN

Company Culture and Environment When employees arrive to work at their Bristol, Connecticut Headquarters, they are greeted only by a small, unassuming sign that says, â€Å"Welcome to ESPN. † In a calculated and understated way, this sign is representative of the culture that pervades throughout the organization. Simply stated, ESPN, the company is about the fans and the sports, not ESPN. This statement offers a preview of sorts to a culture at ESPN that truly goes the extra mile in emphasizing customer satisfaction by offering its programming thru state-of the art program offerings thru multiple channels.A brand promise sums up the essence and meaning of a brand and how the brand connects to its consumers. ESPN’s promise of delivering â€Å"Sports, with Authority and Personality,† clearly outlines what they do, how they do it and what differentiates them from their competition. With respect to Sports, ESPN connects to its fans through many platforms, including m ultiple television and radio programs, internet applications including television online, restaurants, and numerous mobile applications.In doing so ESPN strives to consistently deliver unmatched quality that is strengthened by leadership and innovation. As an Authority in sports programming, ESPN emphasizes integrity, authenticity and expertise that is unparalleled in the industry. Regarding Personality, ESPN emphasizes throughout its organization, the effective use of humor, passion and community by expressing their affinity for its fans regardless of origin.While the brand promise of ESPN is certainly evident throughout all of its programming through all of its delivery channels, it is its hiring practices that appear to give the most obvious credence to the company living up to this promise. From its inception ESPN maintained a policy of hiring employees that were/are first and foremost sports fanatics. ESPN saw sees this as a critical factor in having its employees display the l evel of enthusiasm and knowledge that it wanted to promote and display its brand promise.They also see this as an equalizer of sorts whereby everyone who views ESPN, regardless of race, color education could relate with one another. Anthony Smith, a management consultant who has worked with ESPN for over 20 years and author of ESPN; The Company, sums up the environment and culture at ESPN best when he wrote; â€Å"I can think of few other companies that do as good a job of creating an atmosphere of fun and excitement for its people and its customers – maybe Southwest Airlines in the airline industry, Starbucks in the consumer goods space, or Apple and Google in high-tech.But it’s hard to surpass ESPN. † (Smith, P. xxiii, ESPN; The Company. ) This information, combined with information gathered through direct conversations with ESPN Marketing employees would strongly indicate that ESPN has done an outstanding job of entrenching its brand promise both internally a mongst its work-force and externally through its broadly scoped programming. From an internal branding perspective ESPN appears to have achieved what all companies strive for; to entrench its vision and culture that pervades throughout everything it does. Espn COMPANY Case ESPN: The Evolution of an Entertainment Brand In the 2004 movie Anchorman character Ron Burgundy ( Will Ferrell) auditions for a position on SportsCenter with the very new and lit-tle known network, ESPN ( Entertainment and Sports Programming Network). The year was 1979. After pronouncing the name of the network â€Å" Espen,† he then is shocked to find out that ESPN is a round- the- clock sports network. Through his laughter, he asserts that the concept is as ridiculous as a 24- hour cooking network or an all- music channel. â€Å" Seriously,† he shouts. This thing is going to be a financial and cultural disaster. SportsCenter . . . that’s just dumb! † While this comical sketch is fictitious, when a young college graduate named George Bodenheimer took a job in the mailroom at ESPN it 1981, it was for real. Today, Mr. Bodenheimer is president of the network that has become one of the biggest franchises in sports, not to mention one of the most successful and envied brands in the entertainment world. As a cable network, ESPN commands $ 2. 91 from cable operators for each subscriber every month. Compare that to $ 1. 7 for Fox Sports, 89 cents for TNT, and only 40 cents for CNN. The core ESPN channel alone is currently in more than 96 million homes. With that kind of premium power, it’s no wonder that ESPN shocked the world in 2006 by becoming the first cable network to land the coveted TV contract for Monday Night Football, which went on to become the highest rated cable series ever. But even with its three sibling channels ( ESPN2, ESPNEWS, and ESPN Classic), the ESPN cable network is only one piece of a bigger brand puzzle that has become Bodenheimer’s $ 6 billion sports empire.Through very savvy strategic planning, Bodenheimer is realizing his vision of taking quality sports content across the widest possible collection of media assets to reach sports fans wherever they may be. Employing a hands- off manage ment style, Bodenheimer has cultivated a brand that is brash, tech savvy, cre-ative, and innovative. He tells employees that ESPN belongs to all of them. He gives them the freedom to come up with their own ideas and push them forward. His only rule is that every new ideaand push them forward.His only rule is that every new idea must focus on fulfilling ESPN’s mission of reaching sports fans and making them happy. In the process, ESPN has become as recog-nized and revered by its customers as other megabrands such as Tide, Nike, and Coca- Cola are to theirs. Bodenheimer’s career- spanning dedication has grown ESPN to well over 50 businesses. The all- sports network has become a truly multiplatform brand, a rarity for any TV network. This growth has given ESPN tremendous reach. ESPN. com alone reaches 22. 4 million viewers a week.But even more stunning is the fact that during any seven- day period, 120 million people ages 12 to 64 interact with some ESPN medium. Here†™s a rundown of ESPN’s portfolio of brands: Television: ESPN has sprawled into six cable channels and other TV divisions that give it both a local ( ESPN Regional Television) and global ( ESPN International and ESPN Deportes) presence. It was one of the first networks to break new ground in HDTV with simulcast service for ESPN and ESPN2 and it still maintains the most HD programming content and highest level of HD viewership in sports.Cable operators and viewers alike consistently rank ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN Classic above all other channels with respect to perceived value and programming quality. But perhaps one of the most innovative moves in all of tel-evision sports occurred in 2003, when ESPN content was inte-grated into its sibling network ABC. ESPN on ABC is now the home for the NBA Finals, NASCAR, NCAA football, NCAA bas-ketball, World Cup Soccer, British Open, and the IndyCar Series. Although ESPN has numerous cable channel brands, one program stands out as a brand in its own right. SportsCenter was ESPN’s first program.And with as many as 93 million view-ers each month, it remains the network’s flagship studio show. SportsCenter is the only nightly, full- hour sports news program. And whereas, in the past, ESPN has rebroadcast taped episodes of SportsCenter during the day, a new schedule incorporating nine straight hours of live SportsCenter everyday from 6 a. m. to 3 p. m. will begin in the fall of 2008. Outside the United States, ESPN airs 14 local versions of SportsCenter broadcast in eight languages. Radio: Whereas many radio formats are suffering, sports radio is thriving.And ESPN Radio is the nation’s largest sports radio network with 750 U. S. affiliates and more than 335 full- time stations. In addition to college and major league sports events, the network broadcasts syndicated sports talk shows, providing more than 9,000 hours of content annually. Publishing: ESPN The Magazine launched in 1998 and immedi-ately beg an carving out market share with its bold look, bright col-ors, and unconventional type, a combination consistent with its content. With the dominance of Sports Illustrated, many didn’t give ESPN’s magazine enture much of a chance. Within its first year, ESPN The Magazine was circulating 800,000 copies. Today, that number has ballooned two- and- a- half times to 2 million, whereas Sports Illustrated has remained at a stagnant 3. 3 million. At the same time, ESPN is making headway into one of the oldest of all media: books. Although ESPN Books is still waiting for a megaseller, because of the cross- marketing opportunities with the other arms of ESPN, this small division has consider-able marketing clout in a struggling industry. If they didn’t have the TV stuff and everything else, they’d be as hard-pressed as other publishers to make these books into major events,† said Rick Wolff, executive editor at Warner Books. Internet: ESPN. com is the leadin g sports Web site, and ESPNRadio. com is the most listened to online sports destination, boasting live streaming and 32 original podcasts each week. But the rising star in ESPN’s online portfolio is ESPN360. com, a subscription- based broadband offering that delivers high-quality, customized, on- demand video content.Not only can fans access content carried on ESPN’s other networks, but they also get exclusive content and sports video games. For the true sports fan, there’s nothing like it— it allows viewers to watch up to six different events at the same time choosing from live events for all major professional and college sports. Since ESPN360. com began service in 2006, this broadband effort has doubled its distribution and now reaches 20 million homes. Beyond working through its own Web sites, ESPN is exploring the limits of the Internet through an open distribu-tion venture with AOL.By providing ESPN content via a branded ESPN video player in AOLâ₠¬â„¢s portal, viewers have more access to ESPN’s content. But advertisers also benefit from a larger online audience than ever before. Mobile: In 2005, ESPN ventured in to one of its trickiest and riskiest brand extensions to date. Mobile ESPN was designed as ESPN’s own cell phone network, putting content into sports fans’ pockets 24/ 7. But after a year, the venture was far from breaking even and ESPN shut it down. However, even though Mobile ESPN is down, it’s not out.ESPN has capitalized on the lessons learned and started over with a different strategy. Today, ESPN provides real- time scores, stats, news, highlights, and even programming through every major U. S. carrier, with premium content available through Verizon Wireless and Qualcomm. Mobile ESPN also reaches an international audience of mobile customers through more than 35 international carriers. ESPN’s mission with its mobile venture is to â€Å" serve the sports fan any time, anywhere , and from any device. In fall 2007, it reached a major milestone in that goal when more people sought NFL content from its mobile- phone Web site than from its PC Web site. â€Å" We’re having extraordinary growth on ESPN. com’s NFL pages, but we’re also seeing extraordinary usage with mobile devices as well,† said Ed Erhardt, president of ESPN Sports customer marketing and sales. Mr. Erhardt sees great potential in mobile, saying that it is â€Å" a big part of the future as it relates to how fans are going to consume sports. Bodehnheimer and his team see no limit to how far they can take the ESPN brand. In addition to the above ventures, ESPN extends its reach through event management ( X Games, Winter X Games, ESPN Outdoors & Bass), consumer products ( CDs, DVDs, ESPN Video Games, ESPN Golf Schools), and even a chain of ESPN Zone restaurants and SportsCenter Studio stores. ESPN content is now reaching viewers through agencies that place it in airport s and on planes, in health clubs, and even in gas stations. â€Å" Now you’re not going to be bored when you fill up your tank.It gives new meaning to pulling into a full- service station,† says Bodenheimer. â€Å" I’ve been on flights where people are watching our content and don’t want to get off the flight. † A powerful media brand results not only in direct revenues from selling products but also in advertising revenues. Advertising accounts for about 40 percent of ESPN’s overall revenues. With so many ways to reach the customer, ESPN offers very creative and flexible package deals for any marketer trying to reach the cov-eted and illusive 18– 34 year old male demographic. Nobody attracts more men than we do,† asserts Bodenheimer. â€Å" We’ve got a product and we know how to cater to advertisers’ needs. The merchandising opportunities we provide, whether it’s work-ing with Home Depot, Wal- Mart, or Dic k’s Sporting Goods, we want to partner if you want young men. † As amazing as the ESPN brand portfolio is, it is even more amazing when you consider that it is part of the mammoth ABC portfolio, which in turn is a part of The Walt Disney Company portfolio.However, it is no small piece of the Disney pie. ESPN revenues alone accounted for about 18 percent of Disney’s total in 2007. Since obtaining ESPN as part of the 1995 ABC acquisi-tion, because ESPN has delivered on the numbers, Disney has allowed ESPN to do pretty much whatever it wants to do. Just a few years after the acquisition, Disney’s then- CEO Michael Eisner told investors, â€Å" We bought ABC media network and ESPN for $ 19 billion in 1995. ESPN is worth substantially more than we paid for the entire acquisition. And Disney leverages that value every way that it can, from Mouse House advertising package deals to conditionally attaching its cable channels to the ESPN networks through cable oper ators. Questions for Discussion 1. In a succinct manner, describe what the ESPN brand means to consumers. 2. What is ESPN selling? Discuss this in terms of the core bene-fit, actual product, and augmented product levels of ESPN. 3. Does ESPN have strong brand equity? How does its brand equity relate to its brand value? . Cite as many examples as you can of co- branding efforts involving the ESPN brand. For each of these cases, what are the benefits and possible risks to ESPN? 5. Analyze EPSN according to the brand development strategies from the text. What have they done in the past? What would you recommend to ESPN for future brand development? Sources: Alice Cuneo, â€Å" More Football Fans Hit ESPN’s Mobile Site Than Its PC Pages,† Advertising Age, January 7, 2008, p. 7; Mike Shields, â€Å" ESPN, AOL Strike Web Video Deal,† Brandweek, April 8, 2008, accessed online at www. brandweek. com; Andrew Hampp, â€Å" ESPN Makes Jump to Major League,† Advertis ing Age, May 14, 2007, p. 32; Ronald Grover, â€Å" Comcast’s C- TV: Channeling Disney,† BusinessWeek. com, December 1, 2006; Jeffrey Trachtenberg, â€Å" ESPN’s Next Hurdle: Selling Its Audience on Books,† Wall Street Journal, February 13, 2007; Jason Brown, â€Å" Out- of- Home TV Ads Finally Coming of Age,† Television Week, January 28, 2008, p. 12; also see www. espnmediazone. com. Espn COMPANY Case ESPN: The Evolution of an Entertainment Brand In the 2004 movie Anchorman character Ron Burgundy ( Will Ferrell) auditions for a position on SportsCenter with the very new and lit-tle known network, ESPN ( Entertainment and Sports Programming Network). The year was 1979. After pronouncing the name of the network â€Å" Espen,† he then is shocked to find out that ESPN is a round- the- clock sports network. Through his laughter, he asserts that the concept is as ridiculous as a 24- hour cooking network or an all- music channel. â€Å" Seriously,† he shouts. This thing is going to be a financial and cultural disaster. SportsCenter . . . that’s just dumb! † While this comical sketch is fictitious, when a young college graduate named George Bodenheimer took a job in the mailroom at ESPN it 1981, it was for real. Today, Mr. Bodenheimer is president of the network that has become one of the biggest franchises in sports, not to mention one of the most successful and envied brands in the entertainment world. As a cable network, ESPN commands $ 2. 91 from cable operators for each subscriber every month. Compare that to $ 1. 7 for Fox Sports, 89 cents for TNT, and only 40 cents for CNN. The core ESPN channel alone is currently in more than 96 million homes. With that kind of premium power, it’s no wonder that ESPN shocked the world in 2006 by becoming the first cable network to land the coveted TV contract for Monday Night Football, which went on to become the highest rated cable series ever. But even with its three sibling channels ( ESPN2, ESPNEWS, and ESPN Classic), the ESPN cable network is only one piece of a bigger brand puzzle that has become Bodenheimer’s $ 6 billion sports empire.Through very savvy strategic planning, Bodenheimer is realizing his vision of taking quality sports content across the widest possible collection of media assets to reach sports fans wherever they may be. Employing a hands- off manage ment style, Bodenheimer has cultivated a brand that is brash, tech savvy, cre-ative, and innovative. He tells employees that ESPN belongs to all of them. He gives them the freedom to come up with their own ideas and push them forward. His only rule is that every new ideaand push them forward.His only rule is that every new idea must focus on fulfilling ESPN’s mission of reaching sports fans and making them happy. In the process, ESPN has become as recog-nized and revered by its customers as other megabrands such as Tide, Nike, and Coca- Cola are to theirs. Bodenheimer’s career- spanning dedication has grown ESPN to well over 50 businesses. The all- sports network has become a truly multiplatform brand, a rarity for any TV network. This growth has given ESPN tremendous reach. ESPN. com alone reaches 22. 4 million viewers a week.But even more stunning is the fact that during any seven- day period, 120 million people ages 12 to 64 interact with some ESPN medium. Here†™s a rundown of ESPN’s portfolio of brands: Television: ESPN has sprawled into six cable channels and other TV divisions that give it both a local ( ESPN Regional Television) and global ( ESPN International and ESPN Deportes) presence. It was one of the first networks to break new ground in HDTV with simulcast service for ESPN and ESPN2 and it still maintains the most HD programming content and highest level of HD viewership in sports.Cable operators and viewers alike consistently rank ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN Classic above all other channels with respect to perceived value and programming quality. But perhaps one of the most innovative moves in all of tel-evision sports occurred in 2003, when ESPN content was inte-grated into its sibling network ABC. ESPN on ABC is now the home for the NBA Finals, NASCAR, NCAA football, NCAA bas-ketball, World Cup Soccer, British Open, and the IndyCar Series. Although ESPN has numerous cable channel brands, one program stands out as a brand in its own right. SportsCenter was ESPN’s first program.And with as many as 93 million view-ers each month, it remains the network’s flagship studio show. SportsCenter is the only nightly, full- hour sports news program. And whereas, in the past, ESPN has rebroadcast taped episodes of SportsCenter during the day, a new schedule incorporating nine straight hours of live SportsCenter everyday from 6 a. m. to 3 p. m. will begin in the fall of 2008. Outside the United States, ESPN airs 14 local versions of SportsCenter broadcast in eight languages. Radio: Whereas many radio formats are suffering, sports radio is thriving.And ESPN Radio is the nation’s largest sports radio network with 750 U. S. affiliates and more than 335 full- time stations. In addition to college and major league sports events, the network broadcasts syndicated sports talk shows, providing more than 9,000 hours of content annually. Publishing: ESPN The Magazine launched in 1998 and immedi-ately beg an carving out market share with its bold look, bright col-ors, and unconventional type, a combination consistent with its content. With the dominance of Sports Illustrated, many didn’t give ESPN’s magazine enture much of a chance. Within its first year, ESPN The Magazine was circulating 800,000 copies. Today, that number has ballooned two- and- a- half times to 2 million, whereas Sports Illustrated has remained at a stagnant 3. 3 million. At the same time, ESPN is making headway into one of the oldest of all media: books. Although ESPN Books is still waiting for a megaseller, because of the cross- marketing opportunities with the other arms of ESPN, this small division has consider-able marketing clout in a struggling industry. If they didn’t have the TV stuff and everything else, they’d be as hard-pressed as other publishers to make these books into major events,† said Rick Wolff, executive editor at Warner Books. Internet: ESPN. com is the leadin g sports Web site, and ESPNRadio. com is the most listened to online sports destination, boasting live streaming and 32 original podcasts each week. But the rising star in ESPN’s online portfolio is ESPN360. com, a subscription- based broadband offering that delivers high-quality, customized, on- demand video content.Not only can fans access content carried on ESPN’s other networks, but they also get exclusive content and sports video games. For the true sports fan, there’s nothing like it— it allows viewers to watch up to six different events at the same time choosing from live events for all major professional and college sports. Since ESPN360. com began service in 2006, this broadband effort has doubled its distribution and now reaches 20 million homes. Beyond working through its own Web sites, ESPN is exploring the limits of the Internet through an open distribu-tion venture with AOL.By providing ESPN content via a branded ESPN video player in AOLâ₠¬â„¢s portal, viewers have more access to ESPN’s content. But advertisers also benefit from a larger online audience than ever before. Mobile: In 2005, ESPN ventured in to one of its trickiest and riskiest brand extensions to date. Mobile ESPN was designed as ESPN’s own cell phone network, putting content into sports fans’ pockets 24/ 7. But after a year, the venture was far from breaking even and ESPN shut it down. However, even though Mobile ESPN is down, it’s not out.ESPN has capitalized on the lessons learned and started over with a different strategy. Today, ESPN provides real- time scores, stats, news, highlights, and even programming through every major U. S. carrier, with premium content available through Verizon Wireless and Qualcomm. Mobile ESPN also reaches an international audience of mobile customers through more than 35 international carriers. ESPN’s mission with its mobile venture is to â€Å" serve the sports fan any time, anywhere , and from any device. In fall 2007, it reached a major milestone in that goal when more people sought NFL content from its mobile- phone Web site than from its PC Web site. â€Å" We’re having extraordinary growth on ESPN. com’s NFL pages, but we’re also seeing extraordinary usage with mobile devices as well,† said Ed Erhardt, president of ESPN Sports customer marketing and sales. Mr. Erhardt sees great potential in mobile, saying that it is â€Å" a big part of the future as it relates to how fans are going to consume sports. Bodehnheimer and his team see no limit to how far they can take the ESPN brand. In addition to the above ventures, ESPN extends its reach through event management ( X Games, Winter X Games, ESPN Outdoors & Bass), consumer products ( CDs, DVDs, ESPN Video Games, ESPN Golf Schools), and even a chain of ESPN Zone restaurants and SportsCenter Studio stores. ESPN content is now reaching viewers through agencies that place it in airport s and on planes, in health clubs, and even in gas stations. â€Å" Now you’re not going to be bored when you fill up your tank.It gives new meaning to pulling into a full- service station,† says Bodenheimer. â€Å" I’ve been on flights where people are watching our content and don’t want to get off the flight. † A powerful media brand results not only in direct revenues from selling products but also in advertising revenues. Advertising accounts for about 40 percent of ESPN’s overall revenues. With so many ways to reach the customer, ESPN offers very creative and flexible package deals for any marketer trying to reach the cov-eted and illusive 18– 34 year old male demographic. Nobody attracts more men than we do,† asserts Bodenheimer. â€Å" We’ve got a product and we know how to cater to advertisers’ needs. The merchandising opportunities we provide, whether it’s work-ing with Home Depot, Wal- Mart, or Dic k’s Sporting Goods, we want to partner if you want young men. † As amazing as the ESPN brand portfolio is, it is even more amazing when you consider that it is part of the mammoth ABC portfolio, which in turn is a part of The Walt Disney Company portfolio.However, it is no small piece of the Disney pie. ESPN revenues alone accounted for about 18 percent of Disney’s total in 2007. Since obtaining ESPN as part of the 1995 ABC acquisi-tion, because ESPN has delivered on the numbers, Disney has allowed ESPN to do pretty much whatever it wants to do. Just a few years after the acquisition, Disney’s then- CEO Michael Eisner told investors, â€Å" We bought ABC media network and ESPN for $ 19 billion in 1995. ESPN is worth substantially more than we paid for the entire acquisition. And Disney leverages that value every way that it can, from Mouse House advertising package deals to conditionally attaching its cable channels to the ESPN networks through cable oper ators. Questions for Discussion 1. In a succinct manner, describe what the ESPN brand means to consumers. 2. What is ESPN selling? Discuss this in terms of the core bene-fit, actual product, and augmented product levels of ESPN. 3. Does ESPN have strong brand equity? How does its brand equity relate to its brand value? . Cite as many examples as you can of co- branding efforts involving the ESPN brand. For each of these cases, what are the benefits and possible risks to ESPN? 5. Analyze EPSN according to the brand development strategies from the text. What have they done in the past? What would you recommend to ESPN for future brand development? Sources: Alice Cuneo, â€Å" More Football Fans Hit ESPN’s Mobile Site Than Its PC Pages,† Advertising Age, January 7, 2008, p. 7; Mike Shields, â€Å" ESPN, AOL Strike Web Video Deal,† Brandweek, April 8, 2008, accessed online at www. brandweek. com; Andrew Hampp, â€Å" ESPN Makes Jump to Major League,† Advertis ing Age, May 14, 2007, p. 32; Ronald Grover, â€Å" Comcast’s C- TV: Channeling Disney,† BusinessWeek. com, December 1, 2006; Jeffrey Trachtenberg, â€Å" ESPN’s Next Hurdle: Selling Its Audience on Books,† Wall Street Journal, February 13, 2007; Jason Brown, â€Å" Out- of- Home TV Ads Finally Coming of Age,† Television Week, January 28, 2008, p. 12; also see www. espnmediazone. com.